Haemoglobinopathies are among the most common inherited diseases in the world.
They are categorised into two main groups: Thalassemia Syndromes and Structural Haemoglobin variants.
α- and β-thalassemia are the main types of thalassemia; the main structural haemoglobin variants are HbS, HbE and HbC.
There are many clinical manifestations of the haemoglobinopathies which can range from mild hypochromic anaemia to moderate haematological disease to severe, lifelong, transfusion-dependent anaemia that may have multiorgan involvement.